COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CETRIAXONE AND CEFOTAXIME ANTIBIOTIC USAGE FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA PATIENT ON INFANTS AND TODDLERS AT FATMAWATI REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL’S INPATIENT INSTALLATION 2017-2018

Abstract

Pneumonia is an infection of lung tissue which is the leading cause of death in infants and toddlers worldwide. The prevalence of pneumonia in infants and toddlers in Indonesia is very high and is the second-leading cause of mortality with deaths in infants (23.8%) and toddlers (15.5%). Antibiotics are causative therapy for pneumonia. The variety of alternative antibiotic therapies for pneumonia makes pharmacoeconomic studies indispensable to obtain effective therapies at a cost-effective basis. This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime antibiotics in pneumonia patients in infants and toddlers in the Inpatient Installation of Fatmawati General Hospital in 2017-2018. The type of research is observational analytic, cross sectional data collection with a total sample of 70 patients, 35 patients with ceftriaxone therapy and 35 patients with cefotaxime therapy. Sampling is done by simple random technique. The data used in the form of demographic data, length of stay and direct medical costs. Components of direct medical costs of this study include the costs of antibiotics and diagnostic support costs in the form of laboratory examination costs. This research was carried out using the CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis) method and the cost effectiveness stated in ACER (Averge Cost-Effectiveness Ratio), obtained from the average of total direct medical costs divided by clinical outcome (percentage of effectiveness of therapy). The result showed that the ACER values of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were Rp 111,295.06 and Rp 88,926.39 respectively. These values indicated that the cefotaxime therapy group is more cost-effective compared to ceftriaxone.

Cefotaxime, which is more cost-effective compared to ceftriaxone, is due to higher percentage of effectiveness and shorter period of hospitalization, as the longer the period of treatment will cause either direct or indirect effect on medical costs.