Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Graptophyllum Pictum (l.) Griff Menggunakan Variasi Frekuensi Ultrasonik Terhadap Salmonella Typhi

Annisa Fitria Nur, Meiskha Bahar, Yanti Harjono Hadiwiardjo, Yuni Setyaningsih

Abstract


Salmonella typhi is a bacteria that causes typhoid fever, which exhibits a considerable prevalence worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant S. typhi (MDRST) presents a new challenge in managing typhoid. Purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) contains pyhtochemical compounds such as tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponin, which known to have antibacterial activity. This study investigated the impact of various ultrasonic frequencies (30 kHz, 40 kHz, 50 kHz) on the antibacterial effectiveness of purple leaves extract against S. typhi. Using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with 70% ethanol at 45°C for 20 minutes, the experiment revealed that ultrasonic extraction at frequencies of 30 kHz, 40 kHz, and 50 kHz demonstrates the ability to inhibit the growth of S. typhi. The average diameter of the inhibition zone was measured as 3.67 mm, 8.39 mm, and 5.52 mm, respectively. Statical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney Post-Hoc test confirmed significant differences between each pair of treatment groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that different ultrasonic frequencies influence the effectiveness of purple leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of S. typhi and the most optimal frequency is 40 kHz, which has the best cavitation effect in breaking the purple leaves cell walls so that maximum target compounds can be obtained.


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