DETERMINAN STATUS KETERPAPARAN COVID-19 BERDASARKAN GEJALA: STUDI KASUS DI BOGOR
Abstract
Sindrom pernapasan akut COVID-19 pertama kali dilaporkan di Wuhan, Cina pada akhir Tahun 2019. Penyebaran Virus SARS CoV-2 ini sangat cepat dan secara klinis tingkat keparahannya sangat bervariasi, mulai dari tanpa gejala, gejala ringan hingga gejala berat yang menyebabkan kematian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor apa yang meningkatkan risiko seseorang mengalami gejala COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional pada bulan September-Oktober 2020 pada responden Studi Kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular di Kota Bogor yang memiliki android. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara daring dengan menggunakan aplikasi Lyme Survey. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah gejala COVID-19 dan variable independen dalam penelitian meliputi karakteristik responden (jenis kelamin, umur, pekerjaan, pendidikan dan status kawin), perilaku merokok, aktifitas fisik, konsumsi jamu/vitamin, gangguan mental emosional (GME), dan keberadaan penyakit tidak menular (PTM).
Terdapat 2936 data lengkap yang dianalisis menggunakan multiple logistic regression. Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa mereka yang berusia lebih dari 55 tahun memiliki risiko 1,7 kali lebih tinggi mengalami gejala COVID-19 dibandingkan usia yang lebih muda (OR=1,7; 95%CI=1,3-2,3). Mereka yang memiliki GME seperti stress, depresi atau kecemasan memiliki risiko 5 kali lebih tinggi mengalami gejala COVID-19 dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tidak memiliki GME (OR=5,0; 95%CI=3,2-7,8). Mereka yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok berisiko 1,4 kali lebih tinggi mengalami gejala COVID-19 dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tidak merokok (OR=1,4; 95%CI=1,1-2,0). Dengan demikian, faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap gejala COVID-19 pada studi ini adalah umur, GME dan merokok.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Gejala, Umur, GME, Merokok
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome was first reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is very fast and clinically varies in severity, ranging from asymptomatic, mild symptoms to severe symptoms that cause death. The purpose of this study was to find out what factors increase a person's risk of experiencing symptoms of COVID-
19. This research was conducted with a cross sectional study in September--October 2020 on the respondents of the Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study in Bogor City who have android. This research was conducted online using the Lyme Survey application. The dependent variable in this study was the symptoms of COVID-19 and the independent variables in the study included the characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, occupation, education and marital status), smoking behavior, physical activity, consumption of herbal medicine/vitamins, common mental disorders (CMD), and the presence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There were 2936 complete data which were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The results of the analysis stated that those aged over 55 years had a 1.7 times higher risk of experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 compared to younger ages (OR=1.7; 95%CI=1.3-2.3). Those with GME such as stress, depression or anxiety had a 5 times higher risk of experiencing COVID-19 symptoms compared to those without GME (OR=5.0; 95%CI=3.2-7.8). Those who smoked were 1.4 times more likely to experience COVID-19 symptoms than non-smokers (OR=1.4; 95%CI=1.1-2.0). Thus, the factors that contribute to the symptoms of COVID-19 in this study are age, GME and smoking.
Keywords: COVID-19, Symptoms, Age, GME, Smoking
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