DAMPAK TIMBULAN LIMBAH MEDIS SEKALI PAKAI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Reynanda Nadhira Rinaldi, Sheila Rizkia Anjari

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Pemerintah menganjurkan masyarakat untuk menggunakan masker dua lapis diantaranya masker medis dan masker kain. Disamping hal tersebut penggunaan masker medis dapat meningkatkan timbulan limbah medis sekali pakai. Di negara Asia Tenggara, Indonesia menempati posisi kedua sebagai negara penyumbang timbulan limbah medis terbanyak setalah Filipina dengan rata-rata 212 ton/hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor penyebab dan dampak dari timbulan limbah medis sekali pakai yang berasal dari masyarakat berdasarkan Literature Rewiew. Terdapat 13 artikel Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa limbah medis sekali pakai meningkat drastis karena adanya pandemi COVID-19 dimana masyarakat diwajibkan untuk menggunakan masker dua lapis yaitu masker medis dan non medis serta kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat terkait cara pengelolaan limbah masker medis. Didapatkan hasil juga bahwa timbulan limbah medis dapat mengganggu ekosistem lingkungan karena adanya kandungan mikrofiberplastik pada masker medis yang juga berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa selama masa pandemi COVID-19 limbah masker medis meningkat drastis sehingga mengancam ekosistem lingkungan serta berdampak pada masalah kesehatan apabila hal ini tidak dikelola dengan baik. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu rujukan bagi penelitian lanjutan terkait dampak timbulan limbah medis sekali pakai di masa pandemi COVID-19.

Kata Kunci: Ekosistem Lingkungan, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Limbah Masker Medis, Mikrofiberplastik, Pandemi COVID-19


ABSTRACT

The government recommends public to use two-layer masks, including medical masks and cloth masks. Besides that, the use of medical masks can increase the mound of disposable medical waste. In Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia occupies the second position as the country that contributes the most medical waste mounds after Philippines with an average of 212 tons/day. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and impacts of disposable medical waste mounds originating from the community based on the Literature Review. There are 13 Indonesian and English articles that meet the research criteria. The results of this study showed that disposable medical waste increased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic where people were required to use two-layer masks, that are medical and non-medical masks and the lack of public knowledge regarding how to manage medical masks. It was also found that medical waste mounds can disrupt environmental ecosystems because of the microfiber plastic content in medical masks which also has an impact on public health. From the research conducted, it can be said that during the COVID-19 pandemic the medical mask waste increased dramatically and this threatening the ecosystem and also having impact on health issues if this phenomenon is not managed properly. This research is expected to be used as a reference for further research related to the impact of disposable medical waste mounds during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Environmental Ecosystem, Public Health, Medical Mask Waste, Microfiber plastic, COVID-19 Pandemic

Full Text:

PDF

References


Chen X, Chen X, Liu Q, Zhao Q, Xiong X, Wu C. Used disposable face masks are significant sources of microplastics to environment. Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 15;285:117485.

Kusumaningtiar DA, Irfandi A, Azteria V, Veronika E, Nitami M. TANTANGAN LIMBAH (SAMPAH) INFEKSIUS COVID-

RUMAH TANGGA DAN TEMPAT-TEMPAT UMUM. J Pengabdi Masy AbdiMas [Internet].2021 Feb 8 [cited 2021 Sep 1];7(2):85. Available from: https://ejurnal.esaunggul.ac.id/ind ex.php/ABD/article/view/3952

Cordova MR, Nurhati IS, Riani E, Nurhasanah, Iswari MY. Unprecedented plastic-made personal protective equipment (PPE) debris in river outlets into Jakarta Bay during COVID-19 pandemic. Chemosphere. 2021 Apr1;268:129360.

H Chin AW, S Chu JT, A Perera MR, Y Hui KP, Yen H-L, W Chan MC, et al. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. The Lancet Microbe [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 2];1:e10. Available from: www.thelancet.com/microbe

Gotkowitz MB, Bradbury KR, Borchardt MA, Zhu J, Spencer SK. Effects of Climate and Sewer Condition on Virus Transport to Groundwater. Environ Sci Technol [Internet]. 2016 Aug 16 [cited 2021 Sep 2];50(16):8497–504. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.102 1/acs.est.6b01422

Saliu F, Veronelli M, Raguso C, Barana D, Galli P, Lasagni M. The release process of microfibers: from surgical face masks into the marine environment. Environ Adv. 2021 Jul 1;4:100042.

Barboza LGA, Dick Vethaak A, Lavorante BRBO, Lundebye AK, Guilhermino L. Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Aug 1;133:336–48.

Sari GL, Hilmi IL, Nurdiana A, Azizah AN, Kasasiah A. Infectious Waste Management as the Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Asian J Soc Sci Manag Technol. 2021;3(2):62–75.

Juwono KF, Diyanah KC. ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA (SAMPAH MEDIS DAN NON MEDIS) DI KOTA SURABAYA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19. JEkol Kesehat [Internet]. 2021 Jun 29 [cited 2021 Sep 5];20(1):12–20. Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/jek/article/view/3910

Skalny A V, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, Aschner M, Gritsenko VA, Alekseenko SI, et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections : Perspectives for COVID‑19 (Review). 2020;19:17–26.

Managing Infectious Medical Waste during the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 5]. Available from: https://www.adb.org/publications/ managing-medical-waste-covid19

Shruti VC, Pérez-Guevara F, Elizalde-Martínez I, Kutralam- Muniasamy G. Reusable masks for COVID-19: A missing piece of the microplastic problem during the global health crisis. Mar Pollut Bull[Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Sep 2];161:111777. Available from:/pmc/articles/PMC7574683/

Ameridya A, Pratama A, Pudi RA, Absyar SF. LIMBAH MASKER DI ERA PANDEMI : KEJAHATAN MENINGKAT ATAU MENURUN ? 2021;10(1).

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2021 Sep 2]. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/v iew/20060900002/begini-aturan- pemakaian-masker-kain-yang- benar.html

Solo B, Baptiste AJ, Gravitiani E, Eric N. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability River Pollution and Human Health Risks: Assessment int The Locality Areas. 2020


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.