Prinsip Self-Determination Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Wilayah Kashmir

Al Fath Putra Syafaat, Davilla Prawidya Azaria

Abstract


Konflik di wilayah Kashmir telah berlangsung sangat lama. Konflik tesebut telah merenggut banyak nyawa dan destabilisasi wilayah Kashmir. Oleh karena itu, konflik ini perlu diselesaikan secara damai. Dan dalam tulisan ini upaya yang diusahakan adalah upaya self-determination. Dari upaya self-determination kemudian akan dilanjutkan dengan referendum. Apabila melihat sejarah bergabungnya Kashmir ke India, maka terdapat kecacatan hukum dalam aksesi tersebut. Selain itu menurut berbagai kajian, masyarakat Kashmir lebih menginginkan kemerdekaan dibandingkan bergabung dengan India ataupun Pakistan. Untuk memahami bagaimana kaidah prinsip self-determination dalam hukum internasional, dalam tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana pengaturannya dalam hukum internasional. Serta bagaimana implementasi prinsip tersebut dengan melakukan studi komparatif dengan negara yang sudah melakukan self-determination. Dan jika Kashmir berhasil melakukan referendum dan menjadi negara yang berdaulat, masih ada konsekuensi-konsekuensi hukum yang harus diterima. Konsekuensi-konsekuensi tersebut terkait dengan hak, kewajiban, dan suksesi negara. Di mana dalam hal suksesi akan membahas mengenai suksesi barang, arsip, hutang, dan perjanjian. Setelah melakukan hal tersebut masih ada kewajiban internasional yang harus dilakukan Kashmir sebagai negara, yaitu mendapatkan pengakuan untuk menjadi bagian dari masyarakat internasional. Proses pemberian pengakuan lekat dengan keputusan yang bersifat politis dari suatu negara. Sehingga memungkinkan tidak diakuinya Kashmir sebagai negara berdaulat. Dan untuk memperbaiki keadaan Kashmir perlu melakukan diplomasi.

Keywords


self-determination; Kashmir; Referendum; Pengakuan

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